We have seen that using CO₂ for the production of e-fuels can be a solution to those industrial processes that require using a fuel (e.g., aviation, shipping and ironmaking). However, the use of CO₂ for producing synthetic fuels is controversial. Some authors have recently called into question this concept, as CO₂ is released to the atmosphere when the synthetic fuel is consumed, thus limiting the mitigation potential (CO₂ is only re-used once, but not recycled continuously). Besides, the additional energy consumed to capture the CO₂ (prior the methanation process) becomes meaningless in practice, since emissions are not avoided. Only in scenarios with a very high renewable energy penetration there may be a reduction in CO₂ emissions when applying Power to Gas as carbon utilization within the industry sector.